Cascading Style Sheets and Absolute Positioning

…can they really be used to your advantage in optimising your web pages?

by Robin Nobles

Although web designers are usually familiar with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), many search engine optimisers aren’t really “web designers”. So, in case you’re unfamiliar with this technology, let’s start with a few definitions.

CSS Definitions and Advantages

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) defines Cascading Style Sheets as,

” . . . a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to web documents.”

In other words, instead of the traditional method of setting style and layout on each individual web page, CSS allows web designers to use a single file to control the style and layout of multiple web pages . This enables the web designer to set attributes such as font size, line spacing, indents, and element positioning into a single file and then easily apply those attributes across multiple web pages. Incidentally, both IE and Netscape 4.0 support CSS.

Besides possible search engine positioning advantages that I’ll cover later, CSS offers several other potential advantages such as…

  • Smaller files sizes — meaning, your pages will download faster .
  • The ability to edit the style (font style, size, spacing, etc.) on hundreds of pages at one time by editing a single CSS file.
  • More control over your page’s layout.
  • Possibly even keyword density advantages.

The main disadvantage to using CSS is that it is not supported in browser versions earlier than IE 3.0 or Netscape 4.0. However, we suspect that very soon that won’t be an issue as users discover that the old browsers are increasingly incompatible for other important Internet functions as well – like purchasing online.

In any case, at the end of this article we’ll recommend links to online resources and tutorials for CSS but, for now, let’s move on to “absolute positioning”.

Absolute Positioning

Absolute positioning allows you to put a layer on a specific place on your screen, so that it stays the same no matter what screen resolution or browser window sizes a viewer uses. Absolute positioning is used in conjunction with the <DIV> tag. With absolute positioning, web designers can fix a layer to a specific place on a web page down to the pixel. Absolute positioning is viewable only in 4.0+ browsers.

While all of this is fine and good, what you really want to know is how to use CSS and absolute positioning to your advantage when optimising web pages.

Introduce Bill Gentry

To write this article, I interviewed Bill Gentry, Search Engine Specialist and Web Designer with Look Sharp Designs (http://www.looksharpdesigns.com). Bill frequently uses CSS when designing pages.

Bill has been testing different optimisation strategies while using CSS and absolute positioning, and this article discusses those tests. Please note that many of the tests are still in progress. However, the results are encouraging enough to warrant a good, long look.

Using CSS

According to Gentry, “A style sheet’s biggest advantage for search engine optimisers is that you can eliminate many HTML tags. The second biggest advantage is that you can change the inherent properties of HTML tags.”

Though there are actually three ways to apply styles to a web page, Gentry says that the best way for optimisers to use style sheets is to link them from an external .css document.

However, as a means of explanation, the three ways to apply styles along with examples are:

  1. Inline with the HTML tag, such as <P STYLE=”font-size: 9pt”>. This defines the size of the text for one paragraph only.
  2. In the <HEAD> section of the web page, such as <HEAD><STYLE> a {text-decoration: none} </STYLE></HEAD>. This removes the underlining for all links on the page.
  3. In an external style sheet, such as <STYLE SRC=”stylesheet.css”></STYLE>. This links an external style sheet to the page. This one style sheet can be referenced on many web pages and can affect every one of those pages.

We mentioned that the best way for optimisers to use styles is to link them from an external .css document. Let’s look at an example of an <H1> style sheet definition.

An Example, Using an <H1> Tag

The following code is what Gentry is using in his style sheet…

h1 { font-family: Verdana; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 300; color: #666666; text-align: center}

With this style sheet, Gentry has assigned the Verdana font in a font size of 14 points. He also assigned a font weight of 300, which removes the bold text from an <H1> tag. “You can assign font-weight values from 100-900 in increments of 100. 300 is normal, 500 is bold, and anything higher than 700 is extra bold,” explains Gentry.

He assigned the font color to be medium gray, and he center aligned the tag.

So how could this possibly help a search engine positioner? To explain, let’s look at the HTML code that would be needed to produce the same effect:

<CENTER><H1><FONT FACE=”Verdana” SIZE=”4″ COLOR=”#666666″>Some Text</FONT></H1></CENTER>

With the HTML tag, however, you can’t remove the bold face property or fix the font size of the <H1> tag.

Here’s the code using a style sheet:

<H1>Some Text</H1>

“By using the style sheet, I completely eliminated a lot of source code that gets in the way of the text. However, except for the bold face and probably the size of the text, the two look similar in a browser,” says Gentry.

Not only are you getting rid of a lot of extra tags and reducing the overall size of the page, but with this tag, you’re also able to use a headline tag with every instance of your keyword phrase, if you choose. Therefore, with those engines that place more relevancy on text found in headline tags, you’re increasing the relevancy of your page, and the text itself looks similar to your other text.

Pretty slick, eh? …now I hear you asking, “Are there other ways of using CSS in positioning strategies?”

Read on.

Name Your .css Files after Your Keyword Phrase

When creating your external style sheets, consider naming them after your keyword phrase, such as:

<STYLE SRC=”keywordphrase.css”></STYLE>

Gentry says, “While I haven’t fully tested whether search engines will pick up this use of a keyword phrase, it’s possible that you might get a small boost. I suspect that Inktomi might index this. It seems to index virtually everything.”

One thing for sure, it positively won’t hurt you and it certainly could help. After all, external style sheets are referenced in the <HEAD> section of your web page. If you name your CSS after the keyword phrase, you’re inserting another instance of your keyword phrase in the <HEAD> section of your page. Remember that relevancy is based on many factors, including prominence (i.e., how early on your page and in your tags your keyword phrase is used).

Name Your Custom Style Classes after Your Keyword Phrase

Try naming your custom style classes after your keyword phrases. For example:

textlinks { font-family: Verdana; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center; color: #666666}

…could be changed to,

keyword { font-family: Verdana; font-size: 7pt; text-align: center; color: #666666}

Gentry further explains how to apply a custom style tag when using the styles inline with the HTML tag. “When you apply a custom style class to an HTML tag, the code looks like this:

<P>Some text goes here</P>

“So you can see that the custom style class name shows up in the source code.” Gentry is currently testing these ideas and we should have results for you in a month or so.

While there are a few optimisation advantages to using CSS, the major advantages come from absolute positioning.

Using Absolute Positioning

What is the advantage of using absolute positioning? Gentry explains, “The single biggest advantage that absolute positioning affords the search engine optimiser is that you can order your source code however you want without affecting the way a visitor sees the page in a browser.”

Let’s Study Some Examples

Move Text Layers to the Top of the Source Code

First, visit the two URLs mentioned below:
(Note: right mouse click on the links and select ‘Open in New Window’. This will allow you to compare the pages side by side).

http://www.rookiesnstars.com/class/index.html
http://www.rookiesnstars.com/class/css-p-example.html

On the surface, these pages look identical, don’t they? Now, go ahead and “View | Source” …and take a look at the source code. In the first example, take notice how the table code pushes the content — the text containing the important keywords — toward the bottom of the page. However, in the second example, Gentry uses layers, <DIV> tags, and absolute positioning ending in a result where the keyword containing text is physically higher in the source code. Here’s the tag:

<div id=”Layer12″ style=”position: absolute; left: 15px; top: 431px; width: 610px; height: 511px; z-index: 12″>

Gentry explains, “Notice that these two pages look exactly the same in a browser. However, you’ll notice that in the second example, because of the use of absolute positioning, I moved the text layer to the top of the source code so that search engine spiders ‘see’ it early in their indexing activities. In the first example, a spider has to go through a significant portion of the page before it gets to the all-important text.”

Using an WYSIWYG Editor Makes it Easier

If you’re not a web designer, this may seem a little too complex for you. However, according to Gentry, it really isn’t hard to do. “Using a WYSIWYG HTML editor makes creating these layers much easier. If you create them by hand coding, putting the layers exactly where you want will take a lot of trial and error.”

Being able to move your content to the top of the page without affecting how the page looks is certainly an advantage. But what are some other advantages to using absolute positioning?

Your Visitors Don’t Have to See the Content of your Layers

Another optimising advantage to using absolute positioning is that you aren’t limited to placing layers where your visitors can see them. Yet, the engines can. Let’s look at an example:

<DIV ID=”Layer12″ STYLE=”position: absolute; left: -800px; top: -800px; width: 610px; height: 511px; z-index: 12; visibility: visible”>

“By changing the left property to -800 and the top property to – 800, I have told the browser that this layer now exists 800 pixels to the left of the left browser edge and 800 pixels above the top browser edge. What does this mean? It means that you can put content that you want search engines to see, but not visitors, in this layer. Because the layer is left of the left edge of the browser, there is no way that a visitor can see it unless he or she views the source code. Browsers only allow people to scroll to the right and down. Anything placed left or above the browser window [x,y coordinates 0,0] is not viewable by visitors.”

So, if you don’t want to change the text of your web page but need to add more content, you can add content through layers that only the search engines will see. “It’s very similar to the using a <NOFRAMES> tag for adding additional content, except that you don’t have to remember to put all of your content inside of angle brackets so that it doesn’t appear in a browser,” says Gentry.

What are some other advantages to using this strategy?

  1. What if your client wants you to optimise pages in the search engine rankings, but you aren’t able to make any visible changes to the pages themselves?Using layers, you can add valuable content to the pages and place it at the top of the source code for an added boost in prominence and relevancy.
  2. What if your site uses Flash and you don’t want to change that?Of course, you could create doorway/information pages, but using layers would allow you to use the importance of the index page to your advantage. “You can put in a layer far to the left and/or above the viewable browser area and put relevant content inside the layer,” says Gentry.
  3. What about using layers outside of the viewable browser area or making them hidden for your related link lists for link popularity?After all, you don’t want visitors clicking through and leaving your site through your link lists, so this is a way to solve that problem.
  4. What if you’ve created your web page just the way you want it, yet the keyword weight isn’t where it needs to be to achieve a top search engine ranking?You can add additional content in layers that won’t affect how your page appears to visitors, yet engines like Inktomi will find and index that content.

But what if your site visitor is using an older browser? “Change the visibility property to hidden and leave the layer at the bottom of the source code,” Gentry says. “That way, if a viewer is able to see the layer, it shows up at the bottom of the page and viewers will have to scroll to see the content. Not a super big deal since most people are now using 4.0+ browsers,” he adds.

How does absolute positioning look in both browsers? There’s no problem with IE, but in Netscape, pages using absolute positioning look messed up if you have JavaScript turned off in your browser.

By the way, here’s the layer code for this example:

<DIV ID=”Layer12″ STYLE=”position: absolute; left: 15px; top: 431px; width: 610px; height: 511px; z-index: 12; visibility: hidden”>

How Does This Work with the Engines?

Gentry explains, “I have tested hidden layers in several pages, and Inktomi indexed the test keyword phrase. I have not seen the test keyword phrase indexed in any of the other engines yet. I am not sure why this is so, but the tests continue. It is possible that some search engines can tell that the layer is hidden from the visibility property and may treat it as invisible text. I haven’t tested layers outside of the browser’s viewable area, but I will be doing so this month. I am pretty optimistic that this will show some successful results.

“When using absolute positioning, each layer must have a unique ID. I will also be testing to see if engines will index layer IDs.”

Insert your Keyword Phrase in your <DIV> STYLE Tag

Another place to put your keyword phrase is in your <DIV> STYLE tag when using absolute positioning. Here’s an example:

<DIV STYLE=”visibility: hidden; left: 5; top: 5; width: 20; height: 15;”>keyword-phrase</DIV>

Gentry has tested this technique, and the keyword phrase was indexed by the Inktomi engines. We’re expecting the results from further testing soon.

In Conclusion

Though Cascading Style Sheets and absolute positioning are techniques used by web designers to control the formatting of web pages, they also produce encouraging results when used in conjunction with search engine optimisation strategies. As the strategy matures we’ll report the refinements here. Stay tuned.

For more information, visit:

For More In-Depth Information, Gentry recommends the following books:

Cascading Style Sheets: The Definitive Guide — Eric A. Meyer; Paperback
Core CSS Cascading Style Sheets (With CD-ROM) — Keith Schengili-Roberts; Paperback
Cascading Style Sheets, Second Edition: Designing for the Web — Hakon Wium Lie, et al; Paperback
Dynamic HTML: The HTML Developer’s Guide — Jeff Rule, Jeffrey S. Rule; Paperback (November 1998)
Dynamic HTML: The Definitive Reference — Danny Goodman; Paperback (August 1998)
Dynamic HTML For Dummies — Hyman, Michael Hyman; Paperback (April 1999)

A special thanks to Bill Gentry of Look Sharp Designs for allowing me to interview him and for providing his expertise for the writing of this article.

Robin Nobles teaches 2-, 3-, and 5-day hands-on search engine marketing workshops in locations across the globe (SearchEngineWorkshops.com) as well as online SEO training courses (OnlineWebTraining.com). They have recently launched localised SEO training centers through SearchEngineacademy.com.au, and they have expanded their workshops to Europe with Search Engine Workshops UK. They have also opened the first networking community for SEOs, the Workshop Resource Center (WRC).

If you want to achieve a highly visible website with high-performance conversions, then enrol now in an upcoming workshop.

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Writing words for the web and connecting to new audiences

By John Alexander

Two of the most important writing skills that makes your web site successful are:

1. Maximizing your visibility within search results to your ideal buying audience (being easily found.)
2. The delivery of a message that compels your visitors to respond to what they find. (action is taken as a result.)

While we tend to spend many hours fine tuning our SEO related skills to gain top visibility, far to many people never grow their skills enough in this second area. Writing words for the Web that result in the desired action being taken is as equally important as gaining top that top visibility for your researched keyphrases.

writing labWriting for your readers is not less important than writing for search engine friendliness. You absolutely need both if you want to be profitable.

So for today’s article I want to give you some tips that you can apply in your practice of optimization that will also help you learn to communicate better or as I like to say, connect to the heart of your readers. You need to be easily found by people searching but you also must take that traffic and make use of it so that your Web site becomes profitable. There are a variety of ways you can write words and dialog that will help you hit home every time. Before we discuss a few of these, let’s briefly identify a few common errors in Web communications today.
Errors in Writing for the Web:

For the sake of this article – it is not JUST about SEO influences anymore and has not been for some time.

In my opinion, the most common error that people make when they put their Web pages together, is the aspect of “self focus.” People are often not aware of how much their Web copy may dialog about how they are the most experienced, or they are the best, or they are going to sell you something of exceptional value.

This type of dialog:

  • We are the best
  • Us
  • Ours
  • Our program
  • Our service
  • We have the best…etc…etc.

Is not nearly as powerful as focusing on words that speak to the reader:

  • You can enjoy
  • You will appreciate
  • Your choice is all that counts
  • You’re going to appreciate etc..ect.

By working with dialog that is “customer focused” you are creating content that reads for voice, nearly like broadcasters write for radio or TV. Your Web page needs to communicate and flow smoothly with this type of customer focus, especially if you hope to connect with your readers in a way to do business.

The next biggest error is probably that people often fail write in a very compelling call to action. If you want people to take action, you need to communicate that call very well and never assume that your readers will ever follow through to your objective because they should just naturally do so. They won’t, unless your dialog makes your communication compelling. By compelling, I don’t mean pushy. You help them to understand the genuine benefits and you educate them about the value of the offer in such a way as to allow them to make a buying decision.

Let’s talk about some different ways that you can write your words to communicate and compel response.

Writing Words for the Web and how to connect to your readers:

  • Never make the error of assuming that someone reading your offer will automatically connect the features of your product or your service to the benefits. They won’t, unless you dialog about it in such a way that will help them see every benefit.
  • When you write a page, try and think in terms of writing to communicate, rather than writing to impress. Many of us learned sentence structure and the mechanics of putting together sentences or paragraphs in the proper way back in school. But how many of us were ever taught how to write words to really communicate what we mean.
  • Don’t be a “sesquipedalian” writer (or a writer who is given to the overuse of long words)
    Perhaps some people would feel that the best way to impress their reader was to use overly complex terminology (maybe to demonstrate how intelligent they are) but unfortunately if you constantly write with the overuse of long, multi-syllable words – it will not help you connect to your readers.
  • When you are writing your content, try and keep it simple, customer focused dialog that is written to help the reader understand what you are saying.
  • Give ample time to developing the Title of your page (not just for keywords, but to say something compelling.)
  • Most writers of sales related pages never offer nearly enough benefits. How many benefits are best?
    Let’s put it this way, don’t ever stop looking for new benefits that you may have overlooked. Remember that very often, it is as the reader is reviewing the value of the benefits, that they make their decision that they want to buy your product.
  • Is there a place in your Web copy where you can use phrasing with a little humour?
  • Is there room in your content to reflect a little story that demonstrates your point?
    Story telling can be very effective if it is well written and flows to illustrate a point you are making.
  • Can you think of a way to tie your content into something metaphorical?

A metaphor is a figure of speech that suggests a likeness or similarity but offering a description that is not literally applicable.

Examples of Metaphors:

  • the heart of a lion
  • time is money
  • a blanket of snow

Remember the importance of a call to action.

General examples of “calls to action:”

  • “If you’ll do me a favor of filling in this form, I’ll extend your 30 Day trial Offer by another 30 days. That means you can test the program for a full 60 days before you decide whether you’d like to keep it.”
  • Send for a copy right now and judge for yourself how much is worth to you compared with the few tax deductible dollars it costs.
  • Most people who have made money and become successful have done so because they took action at the right time. If you’re ready to take action, it’s your first step to getting this very powerful new strategy to use as you please for your business.
  • Okay, if that makes sense, then stop – walk over to the phone right now and give me a call at 1-800-XXX-XXXX.

A call to action should direct the reader to take what ever action you have identified that will make the page you created successful in meeting an objective. It may not always be about sales. It is up to you to determine the objective of the page.

Other Types of Writing Tips for the Web:

  • Take you time in writing your Web content. Sometimes by writing over a period of 48 hours will give you more times to digest exactly what you are trying to communicate. You may even find yourself coming back to restructure your content to add more value, after sleeping on it for a bit.
  • Remember that 2010 is the “year of the writer” if you are making a transition to the Web. There has never before been such great opportunities for writers as there are this year. The Web needs good copy writers who know how to communicate well.

Try and make a habit of writing consistently for the Web.

Article Marketing is considerably different than writing general content or FAQs. Writing for news is different again.

About John Alexander
John Alexander is Co-director of Training at Search Engine Workshops offering live, SEO Workshops with his partner SEO educator Robin Nobles, author of the very first comprehensive online search engine marketing courses. John is author of an e-book called Wordtracker Magic and has taught SEO skills to people from 87 different countries world wide. John’s articles can be read in publications like REALTOR MagazineSearch Engine GuideWEBpro News and many others.

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How well do your web pages communicate to your visitors?

By John Alexander

Do you think your web pages say exactly what you mean to say to your visitors. Obviously, you probably think they are communicating well to the visitor and if your website is working well, generating leads or making plenty of sales, then perhaps you are communicating well.

For the first part of this article I want to talk to those of you who may NOT be doing so well with your website.

Most of the time, people like to talk about the search engines and better visibility but once you begin to gain that visibility, the next question that presents itself is why are more people not buying from me?

Let’s start by talking a little bit about the writing style of your web pages. When you write for the Web you want to include a variety of words that like building blocks, form a proper flowing dialogue to communicate the message that carries the meaning you intend to deliver.

So what’s the big deal with writing dialogue?

The fact is that most of us who were educated in the public school system, were taught with a focus on spelling, sentence structure, grammar and some writing and yet very few of us were ever encouraged or really taught how to write for the sake of “communication.”

Indeed we were taught to write to “sound intelligent” which usually meant a principle of the bigger the words we use the better. But in the world of Web copy, we find that most readers do not want to look at a lot of extraneous content that detracts from the message.

In fact what most Web users want is just to just simply understand exactly what the meaning or benefit of the message is to us. Is there something here for me or is there nothing here for me. The sooner your visitor understands the meaning of what you are saying on your Web page, the sooner they are likely to interact or respond to your call to action.

Often when you glance at a web page, your eyes may not even know where to begin if it has a poor layout or is poorly written. But a page that is well crafted usually has a good solid headline that reads well and immediately gets the reader flowing into the message.

Writing Tip 1. The power of a good headline delivers on benefits and understanding.

Often a good headline is written to eliminate confusion and add some punch to exactly what the web page is all about.

Many professional writers spend as much as 20% to 50% of their time crafting their main headline because they know the importance it holds. Your headline not only starts the page but it may often be reflected in your Title Tag which is also what users see in the search results.

What types of headlines work well?

Develop headlines that appeal to as wide of an audience as possible:
How to capture one of the largest target audiences ever – Women
Cool Tools – that are also free!

Remember to create headlines that reflect the benefit of an article:
Keyword Research – Shift Your Focus to employ A more Lateral Thinking approach

Remember the power of the numbered headline:
15 Keyword research Tips for finding the Hottest Niche Phrases Quickly
The Use of Muscle Words. . . 148 power words designed to draw your customers in
25 ways to Add Quality Content to Your Web Site

Remember that showing numbers as numerals is more effective than showing numbers written out.
“25 ways” is more effective in a headline than for example, “Twenty five Ways.”

Remember to use good descriptive words in your headline:
Reigning Keywords – A Quantum Leap in Learning to Explore Legitimate Data
Easy Tips for Adding some Zest to your Click Through Ratios

Writing Tip 2. Learn how to cut down on the long-winded introductions and get right to the valuable content.

So often when people first start creating their web content it’s nearly like they are trying to fill up empty space. In the early days of the web, the business owner might think to themselves “I need to come up with several pages of content for my website so perhaps I’ll load my site up with the things that we have already produced.”

Then you often found that early websites were loaded with “filler material,” corporate brochure material, mission statements and other existing material that really was of very little interest to the user. The only trouble is, that your website needs to be built up with content that is genuinely useful to the visitor and highly valuable content based on the needs that your searching customers are looking for. The cost of creating fresh, original, high quality content has it’s price, but you are paying an even greater price if you are filling your Web site with extraneous low quality content that is just taking up space and distracting your readers.

Writing Tip 3. Learn how to shift from a traditional “print related” writing style to a “voice related” writing style.

We don’t speak to each other the way we normally write. By the term “writing for voice” I am referring to writing similar to the way a professional broadcaster writes for their listeners. Have you ever noticed the difference between copy for traditional print and copy written “to be spoken by voice?” The difference is in the delivery and the style of writing. Printed copy tend to be written with much less customer focus and because it is in print, the reader has the option of going over a story a second time. Broadcast copy that is written for voice, is written with much greater focus on the listener because it is written to be spoken only once. If it is not communicated well the first time, you’ve missed it because on the radio you generally can’t rewind or replay what you’ve just heard.

When you write your Web copy, particularly if it is a sales letter, learn how to write your copy so it is extremely customer focused. Instead of talking so much about your services, talk “to the reader.” Test your copy to see whether it reads like the voice of a friend talking to you.

Example:

Instead of: saying “Our years of service,” talk about the same benefits using the words “you” or “yours”
Instead of: “Our 20 year guarantee,” you might talk about “a guarantee that….gives you 20 years of peace of mind.”
Instead of: “We can,” make it “you can.”
Instead of: “We will,” make it “you will.”
Focus on words that allow all of the emphasis to be on the reader NOT your company.
You, you’re, yours, you will, you can enjoy, you can experience, you can benefit by

10 more general writing tips specifically for your fashioning your web page content:

  • For readability, avoid complex sentences. Try to phrase your thoughts as simple as possible.
  • Make sure you say exactly what you mean.
  • Try writing with an “active voice” instead of a “passive voice.”
  • Don’t make your paragraphs too long – but make them smaller and easy to absorb.
  • Try to work on eliminating sentences if they are unnecessary or don’t contribute meaning.
  • Try to always write in present tense.
  • Choose either Verdana or else an Aria font for easy reading.
  • Always write dark text on a light background for easiest reading.
    (Light text on a black or dark background is harder on the eyes and tends to sparkle.)
  • Try to avoid using industry specific acronyms and/or jargon.
  • Links in your body copy are favorable providing what you are linking to is relative to your readers interests.
    (For example linking to someone’s blog post or to a resource or a source that your article is referencing.)
  • Remember that there are different types of content and they each require a little different focus.
    Example: writing press releases need to be newsworthy or related to hard news.
    Example: writing a sales letter – needs strong customer focus copy
    Example: writing articles – should always be written for the reader first

Writing Tip 5. Remember your message needs a strong call to action

So many times we can publish something but once we come to a conclusion, it’s like we forget to tell the reader what we would like them to do next. If you don’t simply include an instruction at the end of your content, don’t assume the user will ever take any action at all. It sounds simple but many people forget this simple step.

What do you want your customer to do at the end of your page?

Do you want them to sign up for your newsletter? Don’t forget to tell them.
Do you want to give them more resources? Then give them a link and make it easy for them.
Do you want them to call you? Then tell them to walk over to the phone and give us a call at 1-800-Whatever

In conclusion:

As you work on writing your Web content to better convey useful, high value information that is of genuine interest to your readers, you’ll also find that the search engines will also gravitate towards favoring your content thanks to the high tech components of artificial intelligence that are working in the background. Spend time your time building useful pages that satisfy the reason why your customers are searching the Web in the first place and reap the benefits of having rich content that will stand the test of time.

Would you like to read up on issues concerning webusability?

One of the most exceptional experts on Web usability is Dr. Jakob Nielsen Ph.D. who holds 79 United States patents, mainly on ways of making the Internet easier to use.

Check out Dr. Nielsen’s Alertbox for loads of excellent advice.

About John Alexander

John Alexander is Co-director of Training at Search Engine Workshops offering live, SEO Workshops with his partner SEO educator Robin Nobles, author of the very first comprehensive online search engine marketing courses. John is author of an e-book called Wordtracker Magic and has taught SEO skills to people from 87 different countries world wide. John’s articles can be read in publications like REALTOR MagazineSearch Engine GuideWEBpro News and many others.

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Top 10 Grammar Errors that Haunt Web Pages

by Robin Nobles

. . . Since content is crucial, isn’t it time to introduce a few grammar tips?

With all of this talk about content, don’t you think it’s time to have a frank discussion about grammar? Our Web sites are our online store fronts—our online images. If our sites are full of grammar errors, what does that say about the professionalism of our businesses?

The Internet tends to be a more relaxed atmosphere, so should we expect to see a more relaxed use of grammar on the Net?

No. Just because the Internet is a different publishing medium, and just because we’ve gotten a little lax in our editing or forgotten some of our grammar rules, that doesn’t make it correct.

It’s time to pay attention to our own Web pages and relearn some of the basic grammar rules that we may have forgotten along the way.

Let’s look at what I consider to be some of the top grammar errors that haunt Web pages:

  1. it’s = it is

    Example: It’s perfectly okay to bring your dog to work at Google. (correct)
    Example: It’s goal is to increase productivity by 100 percent by the year 2007. (incorrect)

    In example #2, replace it’s with it is. It is goal is to increase productivity . . .

    Doesn’t work, so you know it’s wrong. This is one of the most common errors I see, so comb through your Web pages for this one.

  2. Web site (or page) vs. web site/page vs. Website/website (page)

    The Chicago Manual of Style states that Web sites and Web pages are correct. After all, we’re referring to the World Wide Web, so Web should always be capitalized. The book uses Web pages (sites) as two words.

    Webster’s New Dictionary of the English Language published in 2006 agrees with Chicago.

    However, the online version of Chicago states, “But generally, I would recommend Web site for formal writing, but website for informal writing or friendly writing. Unless, of course, you prefer Web site even when you’re being friendly.”

    Now let’s look at it from a different slant. How do people search?

    Capitalization doesn’t matter, because the major engines aren’t case sensitive at this point in time. However, if you’re in an industry where your keywords contain Web site or Web page, you may want to use both variations (one and two words) on your pages, because people certainly search in both ways, no matter which is correct.

  3. Think about your target audience and how they’re searching. After all, you want a professional Web site, but your ultimate goal is to sell your goods and services.

    TIP: The titles of books should be italicized.

  4. Periods and commas: do they go inside or outside of quotation marks, or does it depend on the sentence?

    Example: She said, “Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks, just like this.” (correct)
    Example: This is “incorrect”, because the comma is outside of the quotation marks. (incorrect) It should be: This is “correct,” because the comma is . . .

  5. E-mail vs. email, plus what is the plural of e-mail?

    E-mail stands for electronic mail. According to Chicago, e-mail should contain the hyphen, and it doesn’t have to be capitalized (E-mail).

    Here’s where it gets interesting. The American Heritage Dictionary considers e-mails to be the plural version of e-mail.

    Chicago says that either is correct. After all, the plural version of mail is mail. Here are some examples straight from their Web site:

    “How much e-mail do you get each month?”
    “Send me some e-mails when you get a chance.

    If e-mail is a keyword for you, you may want to include email on your pages as well. Again, remember your target audience and the words they will be using when searching for your products and services. Honestly, if I could make a prediction based on being an Internet person, it would be that e-mail evolves into email due to popular usage. And do you know anyone who uses e-mails? I sure don’t!

  6. SEOs or SEO’s

    This is one of those rules where I ran into some contradictory information. In The Wordwatcher’s Guide to Good Writing & Grammar by Morgan S. Freeman, he states:

    “How to form the plural of letters and numbers is a stylistic decision. There are no rights and wrongs, merely eye appeal. Some writers would write the plural of O.K. with no apostrophe, and follow suit with the plural of letters (the three Rs) and numbers (the 1930s). Others think the apostrophe makes for clarity (the three R’s, the 1930’s). Consider “Hooray for the YMCAs.” Take your pick.”

    Chicago thinks differently. They believe that capital letters used as words that contain no interior periods can be made plural by simply adding an s. However, lowercase letters do require an apostrophe and ans.

    However, every source agrees that if interior periods are used, an apostrophe is required, like Ph.D.’s.

    My recommendation? Do whatever works for you and be consistent.

  7. Spelling spot check

    receive (remember: i before e except after c)
    all right (alright is not a word)
    category
    dependent
    a lot (should always be two words)
    cannot (preferred way to spell)

    Visit yourDictionary.com (http://www.yourdictionary.com/library/misspelled.html) for 250 of the most commonly misspelled words.

  8. Hyphens

    This is a confusing one—whether to hyphenate compound words, combine the words as one word, or use them as two words. As it states in Chicago, the best place to go for answers is the dictionary. Hyphens also depend on readability and trends, such as the trend from on line to on-line to online.

    compound adjectives + noun—hyphenate when the adjectives appear before a noun but not if used after

    Example:
    The newsletter contains the most up-to-date material in the SEO industry. (up to date is hyphenated because it is used as an adjective modifying the noun “material”)

    Example:
    The material in the newsletter is kept up to date. (There’s no noun following up to date, so it shouldn’t be hyphenated.)

  9. Additional spot check

    Their vs. there vs. they’re – Their is the possessive version (their house—not they’re house); they’restands for they are; and there is a filler word.
    Example: There goal is to give they’re members the best online experience. (incorrect)
    Example: Their goal is to give their members the best . . . (correct)

    You vs. your vs. you’re – Using the search function in your word processing program, search for you and make sure you didn’t mean your.
    Example: If your looking for the latest industry news, visit his blog. (incorrect)
    Example: If you’re looking for the latest industry news . . . (correct)

  10. Singular vs. plural (getting close to ad nauseam by now)

    Data vs. datum
    Data is plural; datum is the singular version. So technically, if you’re talking about multiple pieces of information, you’ll need to use a plural verb:
    Example: The research data are being collected as we speak. (correct)

    If you’re talking about one piece of data, the correct form is datum, the singular version.
    Example: The datum shows that the Yahoo! search engine visited the site during the last twenty-four hours. (correct)

    However, popular usage has come into play. Because data is considered a mass noun, it is now being treated as either singular or plural except in formal writing and in the sciences. Because we are in the data industry, this is important to know.
    Example: The research data is being collected. (correct)

  11. Commas

    When you read your content out loud, do you naturally pause at certain places? The best rule of thumb is to insert a comma in those places. Grammar can actually be quite logical.

    Let’s look at some common uses for commas:

    a. To separate words in a list (apples, oranges, bananas, and grapes). Notice that I used a comma before the and. Grammar sources such as Chicago strongly recommend inserting the last comma. Here’s an example from Chicago:
    “I want no ifs, ands, or buts.”

    b. Introductory phrases and words. Use commas after introductory phrases and words, especially if a slight pause is needed.
    Example: At the end of the day, he left the office.
    Example: Therefore, the next SES Conference is in December.

    c. To separate compound sentences. Use commas to separate compound
    sentences, which are sentences that could be divided into two separate and complete sentences.
    Example: Search engine optimization is both art and science, and it requires both creativity and technology to be successful.

    NOTE: I used seven different grammar books as reference guides when writing this article. None of the information is listed here without a reference from one or more of those guides. I highly recommend that all content writers purchase a grammar book. My latest is The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition. You can even subscribe to the online version at http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org.
    A free 30-day trial is available.

    In Conclusion

    The Internet represents a lot of things to a lot of people. In our informal areas like forums and newsgroups, we don’t need to worry so much about grammar and spelling. We’re simply chatting among friends.

    But on our Web sites, our online store fronts, we must give a professional image, in my opinion. Let’s do our best to make sure our sites are as free from grammar and spelling errors as possible.

Do you want an easy way to improve your Grammar?

You don’t have to understand all of the grammar rules to use this cool tool.   It is very fast and it will show you the problem area and make suggestions explaining how to fix it.

Included are:

  • Grammar Checker
  • Punctuation Checker
  • Syntax Checker
  • Writing Strength Checker
  • Style Analysis
  • Selectable Analysis Methods
  • Strength and Complexity Indexes
  • Advanced Spelling Checker

Check out this quick little tool for doing a check of your content before submitting or publishing:
http://www.searchengineworkshops.com/grammar-check.html

About Robin Nobles:
Robin Nobles conducts live hands-on SEO workshops in locations across North America. Localized SEO training is now being offered through the Search Engine AcademySign up for a free SEO tip of the day.

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12 Tips to help build the foundation for a new SEO career

by John Alexander

Tip 1. Set your focus on your clients success.

Stop focusing on sales and start focusing on your client’s success! Do all that you can do to make them successful. Pour all of your talents into making their projects work. So many folks I talk to can never stop thinking about where they will make their next sale, instead of working on delivering results to the clients they ALREADY have. In so doing, you establish “lifetime” residuals.

Make your client successful and they will literally become part of YOUR sales team.

Tip 2. A difference in your performance is a difference in your profits.

If you are NOT up to speed, you better catch up fast. Truely a difference in your performance is a difference in your profits! If you are not up to speed on solid SEO marketing techniques and methods, start learning now. Take a course or study at a live workshop but however you do it, get your SEO career skills up to speed so you can genuinely help get your customers results. If you can show them a strategy that really puts dollars in their pocket, they’ll put dollars in YOUR pocket!

Tip 3. Have confidence in your own strategies and explore profit sharing.

How’s your batting average with profit sharing? Don’t be afraid to explore this one! If your skills are medium to above average, why not share in the profits yourself? I am referring to offering someone a vertical deal. This would be a deal where you own part of the company in return for making it successful with your SEO skills. Don’t brush this off. There are some exceptional deals to be had if you start thinking laterally.

Tip 4. Don’t forget community and charitable work.

When’s the last time you helped promote a charitable work at NO cost. Build a site and promote it for the literacy council or the Easter Seals Society or your local Rotary Group or your Chamber of Commerce.

Don’t forget that this work can OFTEN open unusual and even surprising doors. Help make others successful and you will NOT fail. Many important leaders within your local community will be serving on these committees right next to you!  This is a great way to network and meet new people and help the cause too.

Tip 5. Work on Relationship building and position yourself for success to come.

Watch the latest SEO trends and position yourself to quickly take advantage. The study and practice of SEO has been extraordinary. A few years ago, I never dreamed that my study of optimization would lead to the Internet lifestyle. As a result of our work, we enjoy wonderful repeat business and client loyalty.

If you have not been enjoying good profits, a rewarding lifestyle and being appreciated by your clients, then you need to consider a plan of action.

Tip 6. Set your course of action and get started.

Consider taking a live hands-on SEO workshop which can kick-start your professional SEO career in just a few days of hands-on training. Or if you cannot travel, consider taking an Online SEO Training Course.

Tip 7. Choose which voices you choose to listen to carefully.

You MUST be able to “deliver” and make a difference. Do whatever it takes to get your SEO skills and lateral thinking skills up to speed. In business there are many voices offering free advice. You need to choose carefully who you will listen to.

Tip 8. Run a balanced business.

Are you charging for what your services are worth? There are some folks who charge steeply and don’t even know how to get the results. For goodness sakes, if you’re good at what you do, make sure you are charging well for your services. You DESERVE fair reward if you’re helping other business owners to prosper.

(Some folks are afraid to charge for their work)

Note: The ones that charge steeply but DON’T deliver may make a few dollars initially, but they won’t enjoy the customer loyalty, the referral business, and the repeat business that you do, and they won’t have a “customer for life” like you will.

Tip 9. Don’t forget to recognize and be thankful for the progress you’ve made.

Yes, this is extremely important. How else can you truly measure your progress unless you benchmark along the way. Be sure to benchmark your victories but even more important, celebrate your CLIENTS’ VICTORIES too! After all, you helped bring them about.

Tip 10. Give something back to your community (with gladness).

Look for opportunities to help others who genuinely need help and avoid those who are only after your talents to exploit them. (Trust me, when your SEO talents and success stories increase, you’ll have strangers coming out of the woodwork to take you to dinner and wine you and dine you and pick your brain). Proceed with wisdom.

Tip 11. You must be willing to change and take action!

Performing the way you perform now has delivered a certain result. Maybe you’re happy with that result. If you’re happy with this result, carry on exactly the same way and you should get very similar results. However, if you are NOT happy with your results now, then you must change the way you do things.

Some people go all their life complaining that they would like a better career or a better position in life and yet they continue taking the same actions and getting the same results year after year.

Think of it like this…

Same action = same result
Different action = new results

Tip 12. Surround yourself with the high quality people!

Without a doubt, your SEO interests and abilities will make way for many new working relationships. Be sure to carefully choose the people you want to work with. Look for those with whom you can share synergies and be very observant of the skills and abilities within the others that surround you. No single person can operate as effectively as a group of people that work as a team. Learn to choose the right people to work with and recognize the latent strengths and talents that will sometimes be present but initially hidden within the group. Build to your ultimate potential by choosing wisely, encouraging one another and recognizing the talent in one another.

Is a career in SEO right for you?

Are you ready to take your SEO career to the next step?

We would be delighted to meet with you personally and teach you exactly how search engines work. The beauty of learning new SEO skills, is that it puts you back into the position of having the power to choose and make your own choices.

Check out upcoming workshop dates here if you are interested in building an SEO career.

About John Alexander
John Alexander is Co-director of Training at Search Engine Workshops offering live, SEO Workshops with his partner SEO educator Robin Nobles, author of the very first comprehensive online search engine marketing courses. John is author of an e-book called Wordtracker Magic and has taught SEO skills to people from 87 different countries world wide. John’s articles can be read in publications like REALTOR MagazineSearch Engine GuideWEBpro News and many others.

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Spider Facts – 6 Tips About How Search Engine Spiders Work

By John Alexander

Over the years there has been a lot of confusion about SEO and how search engines work. One of the things that comes up all the time is the subject of search  engine spiders or as they are sometimes called search engine robots.

When a search engine robot visits your web page, it is important to understand a few things if you are hoping to get your page indexed. Search Engine Robots are simply software programs that come out to your web page, capture certain data and then return that data to the search engine from where it came.

Do Search Engines “see” your entire website as a whole collection of pages or do you think they only see the whole world as a collection of individual pages?

Actually, the truth is neither “if you are thinking” based on how a search engine robot sees the world.

Think about this now.

A search engine robot does not see a  world of pages or a world of websites.

A search engine sees its world made up only of URLs or (Uniform Resource Locators.)

This is one reason why search engine spiders cannot some times find their way out of what is called a Spider Trap. For example in some dynamic sites, you will  often have variable strings at the end of a URL that are session identifiers and  while the URL may be unique, the search engine does not realise it may be on  exactly the same page over and over in a loop and may not be able to get out.

Do search engine spiders help determine what your rankings are? This is another wrong idea that some people have. The search engine spider has one sole job and  that is just to crawl content and capture certain information and links and take it  back to the main search engine.

How smart are search engine spiders?

The answer is they just are not very smart at all. They cannot think.

In fact most search engine spiders are updated very rarely with some powerful new feature. The reason why is because as most technology advances, the demands on a search engine robot remain the same basically. They still only do exactly the same job they have always done. There are some spiders that are a little better than others at being more thorough and crawling more complexly.

But all things considered, why keep rebuilding something if what you have now works great?

Tips you should be aware of with spiders, crawlers and SEO and search engine  optimization:

  1. A spider is designed to crawl the web. The smartest way to keep spiders  consistently coming back to visit, is to focus on content freshness. Add new  articles, pages, FAQs, good useful information to your website on a consistent  basis – instead of doing major updates. Instead of adding 20 new articles all at  once, try adding only 1 article a day (everyday) and watch what happens.
  2. You do not need to include a robots revisit tag to your HTML. It does not work and the robot will come back more consistently with you adding fresh content, you may see it stay longer and actually dig deeper into your website.
  3. Do you want to know one reason why Blogs are so busy and actively crawled by  the spiders? It’s because Blogs are often very fresh content sometimes being  updated several times per day.
  4. Remember that spiders and crawlers do NOT need to be submitted to for them to  find you. There are actually good reasons not to use submission software but you  are wiser to link to a new site from a Blog or another site that you know is already being indexed. Remember that you will still need to submit to directories though because there, you are dealing with human editors and not robots.
  5. Make sure your website has a nice Site Map and then have at least one link to your site map on every page. Matt Cutts has said for example that this is one of  the things that people most often forget. Remember, you have no idea whether a  search engine spider will come in on your home page, or on your about us page or  maybe even a policy page. But regardless of which way it comes in, it will be able to crawl ALL of your pages if you’ve created a good site map.
  6. Do you think that it is best to get into Google immediately as quickly as you can?

Think about it for a minute. With Google, off page factors are VERY important.

Suppose Google’s search engine robot visits you right away. But unfortunately, none of the other search engines have visited your page so even if you have some  good links, nobody really knows it. Perhaps you need to think of a reverse  approach and first submit to a few free or paid directories. Then you could begin getting your page indexed by some of the other spiders first, then finally when  Google comes in it sees some nice off page factors and link reputation for which  it will reward you for.

About John Alexander

John Alexander is Co-director of Training at Search Engine Workshops offering live, SEO Workshops with his partner SEO educator Robin Nobles, author of the very first comprehensive online search engine marketing courses. John is author of an e-book called Wordtracker Magic and has taught SEO skills to people from 87 different countries world wide. John’s articles can be read in publications like REALTOR MagazineSearch Engine GuideWEBpro News and many others.

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Some Tips and Considerations On How To Build Backlinks

The Internet has brought a wide array of opportunities for anyone interested in either doing business online or just expressing an opinion. With all the new trends like blogging, social networking websites and extremely easy all-in-one solutions for creating an online store, everyone seems to be boarding the Internet wagon with extreme eagerness. However, anyone who has been online for an amount of time knows very well that no matter how excellently designed a website is, or how valuable the content it offers proves to be, it will always be in the dark if it has no traffic.

Traffic is the lifeblood of any website or online business and as such, it is important for them to be able to spread links to their websites all over the internet and to do it on websites that offer high quality content so as to have the chance to obtain quality links. These links that get back to a certain website are called backlinks, and can be one the most reliable vehicles for building your online visibility among search engines..

However, most website owners take too long to realise this, and when they do, they start trying to get those backlinks by advertising their websites in the wrong ways. These can be by advertising via banners or by purchasing email addresses to implement an email campaign. But there are far more reliable and inexpensive ways to get backlinks, here are some of them.

  • Use article directories: One of the less known methods for building a steady source of incoming links is to write a series of helpful and information-rich articles that will prove extremely useful to users. Once the articles are ready, they should be submitted to some of the many existing article directories available on the web. The good thing about this method is that article directories allow authors to include links to their own websites at the end of the articles they submit.
    This method has gained further value as of late due to the great amount of articles that are available on many topics in these directories, which turns them into very sought-after knowledge databases.
  • Contact related websites: If any website owner knows about other websites that are related to the topic his/her website deals with, then one excellent way of gaining some really valuable backlinks is to contact the administrators of those websites and offer them original articles related to their niche topic. While this technique might seem hard to pull off for some, the truth is that website administrators are always on the lookout for quality content and the vast majority of them may very well link back to a website that offers just that.
  • Post comments: Website owners should scan the web for sites that offer information on the kind of topic/product/service they deal with and head for the forums or comment sections of those websites. There they will be able to give advice and respond to other people’s posts.
  • Create press releases: If an online business continually offers new products and services then it would be a good idea to have professionally written press releases to promote the release of such products or services. Once the press release has been written, it should be submitted to every major online and offline publication for them to review it. With some luck, some of the press releases will be published and will provide a great source of extremely targeted leads.

While all the methods mentioned above are extremely effective and cost almost nothing to implement, they will be useless if the content offered is not interesting and does not help users with valuable information. Considering this, the main objective of any given website should be to help users and potential customers first, and then to concentrate on building a series of backlinks. If done correctly, the content would already be of quality and will be accepted by other websites and directories much more easily.